Colectânea de textos sobre música e musicoterapia vs. pessoas cegas ou portadoras de deficiência visual

A colectânea de textos que se apresenta incide sobre: a relação, possibilidades, métodos de interacção e benefícios da música e da musicoterapia na vida de pessoas cegas ou portadoras de deficiência visual. Inicialmente procedeu-se à recolha, selecção e compilação, na Internet, de textos de vários autores e foram pesquisados os termos: cegos, música, musicoterapia.

Nota 1 – Após uma pesquisa inicial seguiram-se outros caminhos pelo que, não é possível, neste momento, enumerar todos os autores dos artigos e textos seleccionados assim como os endereços WWW onde estão alojados (essa tarefa será efectuada posteriormente e apresentada aqui).

Nota 2 – Na impossibilidade de efectuar um resumo das mais de 200 páginas, deixo algumas palavras-chave dos referidos documentos:

Senabraille, Sistema Braille, pratica educacional com crianças surdo cegas, cegueira congénita, pessoas com deficiência visual, desenvolvimento de conceitos e habilidades de comunicação em crianças com deficiência visual, dificuldades de aprendizagem, diagnóstico e prognóstico de surdez e cegueira, Educação Musical Inclusiva, Musicoterapia cegos, formação de conceitos, imagem corporal e sexualidade de adolescentes com cegueira, leitura musical, Musicografia, modos de intenção com jovens deficientes visuais, músicos cegos, processo de inclusão escolar de crianças com cegueira, identidade visual de uma associação de deficientes visuais etc.

Nota 3 [Last but not least] – Esta pesquisa é dedicada à Beth na esperança que o material lhe possa ser útil no desenvolvimento do seu trabalho.

Música | Musicoterapia | Cegueira | Deficiência Visual

Publish at Scribd or explore others: Humanities Research educação inclusiva musicografia

Artigo sobre música e musicoterapia

Sobre a origem e a natureza da música … a propósito da musicoterapia

Publish at Scribd or explore others: Health & Medicine Research historia ciencia

Terapia pela música | Música e Paralisia Cerebral

Terapia pela música | Revista Visão

Publish at Scribd or explore others: Articles Periodicals & Report gabriela rodriguez d associação portugues

"[...] Assim que entram na sala, ganham outro fôlego. Agarrados às cadeiras de rodas, os miúdos já sabem onde devem ficar durante a sessão. O mote é lançado pela terapeuta, que inicia os primeiros acordes da melodia Os Três Palhacinhos, que eles reconhecem igualmente através de pautas com imagens, afixadas nas paredes.
Ana Isabel, 13 anos, não tem atraso mental, mas a paralisia cerebral deixou-a sem coordenação dos membros e impossibilitada de falar. Embora não consiga seguir o ritmo na perfeição, acompanha a letra através dos desenhos e tecla os sons no órgão, graças a um capacete equipado com um ponteiro.

Atenta aos movimentos dos «protagonistas», Gabriela Rodriguez de Gil, argentina radicada em Portugal e há três anos a trabalhar no núcleo regional de Faro da Associação Portuguesa de Paralisia Cerebral, vai orientando a sessão de musicoterapia que dura, em média, 45 minutos. [...]"

Fonte: Soares, Clara (2003). Terapia pela música. Visão, 17 de Abril, 130-131

*****

Artigos relacionados:

• Musicoterapia melhora qualidade de vida das crianças com paralisia cerebral
• ... [em actualização]
  

A música e a criança com Necessidades Educativas Especiais [PPT]

PPT - 3 - Musicoterapia

Publish at Scribd or explore others: Academic Work portugal Educação

O desenvolvimento deste projecto (*) pretendeu trazer um contributo válido para a educação de crianças com Necessidades Educativas Especiais, em geral e, especialmente, a portadores de Paralisia Cerebral numa perspectiva de escola inclusiva, conceito este consagrado na Declaração de Salamanca (1994).

Azevedo, A. M. (2007) A Música, o Movimento e a Criança com Paralisia Cerebral: como intervir? Projecto elaborado no âmbito do Curso de especialização em Educação Especial: domínio cognitivo e motor. Escola Superior de Educação, Coimbra 2006/2007

(*) Nota: Esta apresentação faz parte de um trabalho mais abrangente que apresentarei parcialmente. Resultou de uma proposta de trabalho desenvolvida no âmbito de um curso de especialização em Educação Especial. Para qualquer informação mais detalhada, escreva para o e-mail abcdamusicoterapia@gmail.com. Obrigada.

Music moves brain to pay attention, Stanford study finds

By Mitzi Baker

This 20-second clip of a subject's fMRI illustrates how cognitive activity increases in anticipation of the transition points between movements.

STANFORD, Calif. — Using brain images of people listening to short symphonies by an obscure 18th-century composer, a research team from the Stanford University School of Medicine has gained valuable insight into how the brain sorts out the chaotic world around it.

The research team showed that music engages the areas of the brain involved with paying attention, making predictions and updating the event in memory. Peak brain activity occurred during a short period of silence between musical movements—when seemingly nothing was happening.

Beyond understanding the process of listening to music, their work has far-reaching implications for how human brains sort out events in general. Their findings are published in the Aug. 2 issue of Neuron.

The researchers caught glimpses of the brain in action using functional magnetic resonance imaging, or fMRI, which gives a dynamic image showing which parts of the brain are working during a given activity. The goal of the study was to look at how the brain sorts out events, but the research also revealed that musical techniques used by composers 200 years ago help the brain organize incoming information.
Related News

* » Engineers, medical scholars team up to create new technologies to fight disease
* » Feeling the beat: Symposium explores the therapeutic effects of rhythmic music
* » Areas of brain linked to risky, risk-averse financial choices, researchers find

“In a concert setting, for example, different individuals listen to a piece of music with wandering attention, but at the transition point between movements, their attention is arrested,” said the paper’s senior author Vinod Menon, PhD, associate professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences and of neurosciences.

“I’m not sure if the baroque composers would have thought of it in this way, but certainly from a modern neuroscience perspective, our study shows that this is a moment when individual brains respond in a tightly synchronized manner,” Menon said.

The team used music to help study the brain’s attempt to make sense of the continual flow of information the real world generates, a process called event segmentation. The brain partitions information into meaningful chunks by extracting information about beginnings, endings and the boundaries between events.

“These transitions between musical movements offer an ideal setting to study the dynamically changing landscape of activity in the brain during this segmentation process,” said Devarajan Sridharan, a neurosciences graduate student trained in Indian percussion and first author of the article.

No previous study, to the researchers’ knowledge, has directly addressed the question of event segmentation in the act of hearing and, specifically, in music. To explore this area, the team chose pieces of music that contained several movements, which are self-contained sections that break a single work into segments. They chose eight symphonies by the English late-baroque period composer William Boyce (1711-79), because his music has a familiar style but is not widely recognized, and it contains several well-defined transitions between relatively short movements.

The study focused on movement transitions—when the music slows down, is punctuated by a brief silence and begins the next movement. These transitions span a few seconds and are obvious to even a non-musician—an aspect critical to their study, which was limited to participants with no formal music training.

The researchers attempted to mimic the everyday activity of listening to music, while their subjects were lying prone inside the large, noisy chamber of an MRI machine. Ten men and eight women entered the MRI scanner with noise-reducing headphones, with instructions to simply listen passively to the music.

In the analysis of the participants’ brain scans, the researchers focused on a 10-second window before and after the transition between movements. They identified two distinct neural networks involved in processing the movement transition, located in two separate areas of the brain. They found what they called a “striking” difference between activity levels in the right and left sides of the brain during the entire transition, with the right side significantly more active.

In this foundational study, the researchers conclude that dynamic changes seen in the fMRI scans reflect the brain’s evolving responses to different phases of a symphony. An event change—the movement transition signaled by the termination of one movement, a brief pause, followed by the initiation of a new movement—activates the first network, called the ventral fronto-temporal network. Then a second network, the dorsal fronto-parietal network, turns the spotlight of attention to the change and, upon the next event beginning, updates working memory.

“The study suggests one possible adaptive evolutionary purpose of music,” said Jonathan Berger, PhD, associate professor of music and a musician who is another co-author of the study. Music engages the brain over a period of time, he said, and the process of listening to music could be a way that the brain sharpens its ability to anticipate events and sustain attention.

According to the researchers, their findings expand on previous functional brain imaging studies of anticipation, which is at the heart of the musical experience. Even non-musicians are actively engaged, at least subconsciously, in tracking the ongoing development of a musical piece, and forming predictions about what will come next. Typically in music, when something will come next is known, because of the music’s underlying pulse or rhythm, but what will occur next is less known, they said.

Having a mismatch between what listeners expect to hear vs. what they actually hear—for example, if an unrelated chord follows an ongoing harmony—triggers similar ventral regions of the brain. Once activated, that region partitions the deviant chord as a different segment with distinct boundaries.

The results of the study “may put us closer to solving the cocktail party problem—how it is that we are able to follow one conversation in a crowded room of many conversations,” said one of the co-authors, Daniel Levitin, PhD, a music psychologist from McGill University who has written a popular book called This Is Your Brain on Music: The Science of a Human Obsession.

Chris Chafe, PhD, the Duca Family Professor of Music at Stanford, also contributed to this work. This research was supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the National Science Foundation, the Ben and A. Jess Shenson Fund, the National Institutes of Health and a Stanford graduate fellowship. The fMRI analysis was performed at the Stanford Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Laboratory.

The Stanford University School of Medicine consistently ranks among the nation’s top 10 medical schools, integrating research, medical education, patient care and community service. For more news about the school, please visit http://mednews.stanford.edu. The medical school is part of Stanford Medicine, which includes Stanford Hospital & Clinics and Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital. For information about all three, please visit http://stanfordmedicine.org/about/news.html.

Fonte: http://med.stanford.edu/news_releases/2007/july/music.html

'Sobre a origem e a natureza da música … a propósito da musicoterapia'

| View | Upload your own

Azevedo, A. M. (2006). Sobre a origem e a natureza da música … a propósito da musicoterapia. Biosofia, 28, 46-50. [Disponível online em PDF e em texto]

Esta obra está licenciada sob uma Licença Creative Commons

Definição de Musicoterapia

Music Therapy is the use of music and/or its musical elements (sound, rhythm, melody and harmony) by a qualified music therapist, with a client or group, in a process designed to facilitate and promote communication, relationships, learning, mobilisation, expression, organisation and other relevant therapeutic objectives in order to meet physical, emotional, mental, social and cognitive needs.
Music Therapy aims to develop potentials and/or restore functions of the individual so that he or she can achieve better intra and/or interpersonal integration and, consequently, a better quality of life, through prevention, rehabilitation or treatment.

WFMT, 1996